Below are some important terms and concepts related to ancient Rome. These have mainly been chosen based on the words that are most commonly featured in articles on this website.
Aqueduct: A system of bridges, canals, and pipes used to transport water over long distances, providing a reliable water supply to Roman cities.
Centurion: A high-ranking officer in the Roman army responsible for leading a century (a unit of soldiers).
Colosseum: A massive amphitheater in Rome, known for hosting gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles.
Emperor: The supreme ruler of the Roman Empire, often considered divine, with the power to command the military and make key decisions.
Gladiator: A professional fighter who entertained audiences in the Roman Empire by engaging in combat in arenas, often to the death.
Legion: The primary military unit of the Roman army, consisting of around 5,000 to 6,000 soldiers, organized into smaller groups called cohorts.
Pax Romana: A period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire (27 BCE-180 CE), characterized by economic prosperity and cultural flourishing.
Patrician: The aristocratic class in Roman society, known for their wealth and political influence.
Plebeian: The common citizens of Rome, often of lower social and economic status compared to the patricians.
Roman Empire: The period of Roman history (27 BCE-476 CE) when Rome was ruled by emperors and extended its influence over vast territories.
Roman Republic: A period in Roman history (509-27 BCE) characterized by a system of representative government in which elected officials held power, rather than a monarchy.
Romanization: The spread of Roman culture, language, and governance to conquered territories, influencing local cultures.
Senate: A political institution in Rome made up of appointed members who advised and passed legislation. It played a significant role in the Roman Republic and Empire.
Toga: A traditional Roman garment worn by citizens.
Triumvirate: A political alliance of three individuals, often used to describe the coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BCE.
Vestal Virgins: Priestesses of the Roman goddess Vesta, responsible for maintaining the sacred fire and purity in the Temple of Vesta.
If you see other words in the articles on this website that you believe should be added to this glossary, feel free to send them to me through the contact form below: