Achilles, the legendary Greek hero, is a figure whose name resounds through the annals of history. His story is deeply intertwined with the epic Trojan War, a conflict that has inspired countless works of literature, art, and drama.
In this article, we delve into the life and deeds of Achilles, exploring his background, his role in the Trojan War, the circumstances of his death, and fascinating facts surrounding this iconic figure of Greek mythology.
Table of Contents
The Birth and Early Life of Achilles
Achilles was the son of Thetis, a sea nymph, and Peleus, a mortal king. His birth was shrouded in myth and prophecy. It was foretold that Achilles would either lead a long, unremarkable life or become a renowned hero with a short, glorious existence. To ensure his safety, his mother, Thetis, dipped him in the River Styx, making him invulnerable except for one small area on his body—his heel, which remained untouched by the mystical waters. This vulnerability would prove to be his tragic flaw.
Achilles: Trojan War Hero
The Trojan War is the centerpiece of Achilles’ legend. It began when Paris of Troy abducted Helen, the beautiful wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae and Menelaus’ brother, called upon the Greek city-states to unite in a war against Troy to retrieve Helen.
Achilles played a pivotal role in this epic conflict. He was one of the greatest Greek warriors, known for his unmatched skill in combat, agility, and strength. His armor was said to be crafted by the god Hephaestus himself, and his spear was feared by all. Achilles led the Greek forces with unparalleled valor and decisiveness, earning him the respect and admiration of his comrades.
One of the most significant episodes in the Trojan War is the wrath of Achilles. When Agamemnon wronged him by taking his war prize, Briseis, Achilles withdrew from the battlefield, causing the Greeks to suffer heavy losses. It was only after the death of his dear friend Patroclus, at the hands of Hector, the Trojan prince, that Achilles returned to the fray, seeking revenge. He ultimately slew Hector in single combat and desecrated his body, a moment of great sorrow and brutality in the epic.
This fate is made especially tragic by the fact that Hector had not meant to kill Patroclus specifically. He mistook him for Achilles, as Patroclus had donned Achilles’ armor and fought in his place to increase morale amongst the troops when the real Achilles was gone.
Achilles’ Death
Achilles’ death is as famous as his deeds. Paris, guided by the god Apollo, shot an arrow that struck Achilles in the only vulnerable spot on his body—his heel. Mortally wounded, the great hero died on the battlefield, fulfilling the prophecy of his short but illustrious life. His body was later recovered, and his funeral was a solemn and grand affair, honoring the fallen hero.
Facts and Trivia about Achilles
- Achilles’ Heel: The term “Achilles’ heel” has become synonymous with vulnerability. It originates from his one weakness, the heel that was not immersed in the River Styx.
- Achilles’ Armor: According to legend, Achilles’ armor was so impressive that it led to a dispute between his comrades, Ajax and Odysseus, after his death. The dispute was settled in favor of Odysseus, and this rivalry is a prominent theme in Greek mythology.
- Achilles and Patroclus: The relationship between Achilles and Patroclus has been a subject of debate among scholars and artists. While some interpret their bond as close friendship, others believe it had romantic undertones. In either case, the depth of their connection is a central element in the story.
- Achilles in Art and Literature: Achilles’ story has inspired countless works, including Homer’s “Iliad,” Virgil’s “Aeneid,” and Shakespeare’s “Troilus and Cressida.” He has been depicted in numerous paintings, sculptures, and operas.
Frequently Asked Questions About Achilles
In this section, we will explore some of the most commonly asked questions about Achilles, from inquiries about his historical existence to his defining moments in the Trojan War, and the lessons embedded in his story.
Was Achilles real?
While Achilles is a central figure in Greek mythology, the historical existence of the legendary hero remains a subject of debate among scholars. Some believe that Achilles might have been inspired by real individuals, but concrete evidence of his existence is lacking.
What is the real story of Achilles?
The real story of Achilles is rooted in Greek mythology and the epic poem, the “Iliad” by Homer. Achilles, the son of Thetis and Peleus, was a great Greek warrior during the Trojan War. His story revolves around his role in the conflict, including the famous episodes of his anger, the death of his friend Patroclus, and his ultimate demise due to an arrow to his heel.
What is Achilles known for?
Achilles is primarily known for his exceptional martial prowess and valor in battle during the Trojan War. He was considered one of the greatest Greek heroes, known for his invincibility in all parts of his body except his heel, and his legendary feats on the battlefield.
Why is an Achilles called an Achilles?
The term “Achilles’ heel” refers to a person’s vulnerability or weakness, stemming from the myth of Achilles. He was only vulnerable in one area, his heel, which ultimately led to his downfall. Thus, calling someone’s weakness their “Achilles’ heel” has become a common expression in the English language.
How and why was Achilles killed?
Achilles met his demise during the Trojan War when Paris, guided by the god Apollo, shot an arrow that struck his vulnerable heel, the only weak point on his body. This event fulfilled the prophecy of his early death, which was foretold due to his exceptional but short-lived heroism.
Who actually killed Achilles?
In the mythological narrative, Paris, the prince of Troy, is credited with the shot that killed Achilles. However, it was Apollo, the Greek god of archery, who guided Paris’ hand and ensured the fatal strike.
What happened to Troy after Achilles died?
After Achilles’ death, the Greek forces continued to lay siege to Troy. His death marked a significant loss for the Greeks, but it wasn’t until the famed wooden horse strategy and the infiltration of Greek soldiers into Troy that the city finally fell, leading to its destruction.
Was Achilles gay?
The nature of Achilles’ relationship with Patroclus, his close companion, has been interpreted in various ways. Some believe it to be a deep and possibly romantic friendship, while others emphasize their camaraderie and mutual respect. The interpretation of their relationship varies among different sources and scholars.
What is the moral lesson of Achilles?
There are several moral lessons of Achilles. One teaches us that a single weakness can lead to someone’s downfall. Another revolves around the consequences of hubris and unchecked rage. His anger and pride led to the death of his friend Patroclus and his own eventual undoing.
Fictional Diary Entry from Achilles
Below is an attempt at writing a fictional diary entry from Achilles, with the aim of making his character and history come to life. Enjoy!
Date: 1184 BC, Troy
Today, the sun rose with a fiery glow on the horizon, much like my heart when I step onto the battlefield. It’s another day in this seemingly endless war. The Trojan War rages on, and I find myself torn between my destiny and the bonds of friendship that hold me back.
This morning, as I donned my magnificent armor, crafted by Hephaestus himself, I couldn’t help but think of my dear friend Patroclus. His absence weighs heavily on my soul. I remember his laughter, his unwavering loyalty, and the way his eyes sparkled with life. He used to wear my armor to intimidate our foes, but now it lies unused, a painful reminder of the cost of my anger.
The memory of Patroclus’s death still haunts my dreams. The rage that consumed me when I learned of his demise was like a tempest, a storm that blinded me to reason. I led the charge against Hector, the Prince of Troy, and though I claimed victory, I couldn’t save my closest companion.
The Trojans, too, feel the pain of loss. Hector’s death, by my hand, has left a void in their ranks. His father, King Priam, begged me for his son’s body, and though I was driven by fury, I granted him this one act of mercy. It reminded me that even in war, there is room for compassion.
My tent feels empty without Patroclus’s presence. The laughter and camaraderie we shared are but echoes in these silent canvases. My fellow warriors look to me for guidance, and I must lead them to victory, but the cost of glory weighs heavily on my shoulders.
As the sun sets on another day, I can’t help but wonder if my destiny is written in the stars or if I have the power to shape it. The gods watch over us, and I fear that my fate is not entirely my own. Yet, I will continue to fight, to honor the memory of Patroclus and to seek glory, for I am Achilles, the greatest of the Greeks.
Until tomorrow, when the battle calls once more.
Achilles
Further Reading
Intrigued by the legendary Greek hero Achilles and want to explore his story, legacy, and the rich tapestry of Greek mythology even further? Here’s a recommended list of books to satisfy your curiosity and provide you with a more in-depth understanding of Achilles and the fascinating world of ancient Greece:
- “The Iliad” by Homer – Start with the epic poem that forms the cornerstone of Achilles’ legend. Explore the original source material to dive into the hero’s heroic exploits and the world of the Trojan War.
- “The Song of Achilles” by Madeline Miller – This modern retelling of Achilles’ story offers a fresh perspective on the hero’s life, his relationship with Patroclus, and the events of the Trojan War.
- “Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character” by Jonathan Shay – Delve into a thought-provoking analysis of the psychological aspects of Achilles’ character and how they relate to combat trauma in modern times.
In conclusion, Achilles, the hero of the Trojan War, is an enduring symbol of bravery, strength, and the tragic consequences of hubris. His legend continues to captivate the imagination of people around the world, reminding us of the complex nature of heroism and the human condition. Whether you remember him for his incredible feats in battle or for the vulnerability of his heel, Achilles remains a timeless figure in mythology and literature.
